Aldridge J W
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1978 Feb;4(1):164-77. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.4.1.164.
Four experiments are reported investigating previous findings that speech perception interferes with concurrent verbal memory but difficult nonverbal perceptual tasks do not, to any great degree. The forgetting produced by processing noisy speech could not be attributed to task difficulty, since equally difficult nonspeech tasks did not produce forgetting, and the extent of forgetting produced by speech could be manipulated independently of task difficulty. The forgetting could not be attributed to similarity between memory material and speech stimuli, since clear speech, analyzed in a simple and probably acoustically mediated discrimination task, produced little forgetting. The forgetting could not be attributed to a combination of similarity and difficutly since a very easy speech task involving clear speech produced as much forgetting as noisy speech tasks, as long as overt reproduction of the stimuli was required. By assuming that noisy speech and overtly reproduced speech are processed at a phonetic level but that clear, repetitive speech can be processed at a purely acoustic level, the forgetting produced by speech perception could be entirely attributed to the level at which the speech was processed. In a final experiment, results were obtained which suggest that if prior set induces processing of noisy and clear speech at comparable levels, the difference between the effects of noisy speech processing and clear speech processing on concurrent memory is completely eliminated.
本文报告了四项实验，这些实验旨在研究先前的研究结果：言语感知会干扰同时进行的言语记忆，但困难的非言语感知任务在很大程度上不会。处理嘈杂语音所产生的遗忘不能归因于任务难度，因为同样困难的非语音任务不会产生遗忘，并且语音所产生的遗忘程度可以独立于任务难度进行控制。遗忘不能归因于记忆材料与语音刺激之间的相似性，因为在一个简单的、可能由声学介导的辨别任务中分析的清晰语音几乎不会产生遗忘。遗忘也不能归因于相似性和难度的结合，因为只要需要对刺激进行公开再现，一个涉及清晰语音的非常简单的语音任务所产生的遗忘与嘈杂语音任务一样多。通过假设嘈杂语音和公开再现的语音是在语音层面进行处理的，但清晰、重复的语音可以在纯粹的声学层面进行处理，言语感知所产生的遗忘可以完全归因于语音的处理层面。在最后一项实验中，获得的结果表明，如果先前的设定促使对嘈杂语音和清晰语音进行同等水平的处理，那么嘈杂语音处理和清晰语音处理对同时记忆的影响之间的差异就会完全消除。
