Weiss P A
Klin Wochenschr. 1978 Jan 1;56(1):49-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01476743.
The average insulin level in the amniotic fluid rises between the 27th and 40th week of pregnancy from 8 muU/ml to 17 muU/ml (n equal to 62). In diabetic pregnancy, the insulin level in the amniotic fluid is in the average elevated to 488%. This indicates oversupply of glucose to the fetus. In the healthy fetus the intercellular apparatus reacts by overproduction of insulin. Part of this insulin reaches the amniotic fluid via the urine. The fetus is in the paradoxical situation of showing simultaneously elevated glucose and insulin levels. The resulting surfeit of insulin is the cause of diabetogenic fetal morbidity. Amniotic fluid insulin levels can be used both to evaluate diabetogenic fetal morbidity, and in order to allow metabolic compensation with insulin to be carried out in accordance with fetal parameters in pregnancy. Examination of the amniotic fluid at bi-weekly intervals from week 27 on thus provides a means of adjusting the metabolic compensation with insulin in the diabetic mother in such a way that diabetogenic fetal morbidity is prevented.
羊水胰岛素平均水平在妊娠第27周至40周期间从8微单位/毫升升至17微单位/毫升（n = 62）。在糖尿病妊娠中，羊水胰岛素水平平均升高至488%。这表明胎儿葡萄糖供应过剩。在健康胎儿中，细胞间装置通过胰岛素过度分泌做出反应。部分胰岛素通过尿液进入羊水。胎儿处于葡萄糖和胰岛素水平同时升高的矛盾状态。胰岛素过量是致糖尿病胎儿发病的原因。羊水胰岛素水平可用于评估致糖尿病胎儿发病情况，也可根据孕期胎儿参数进行胰岛素代谢补偿。因此，从第27周开始每两周检查一次羊水，为调整糖尿病母亲的胰岛素代谢补偿提供了一种方法，从而预防致糖尿病胎儿发病。
