Radioimmunoassays for cannabinoids.

The simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity of radioimmunoassay have made it an attractive procedure for the analysis of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in biological fluids or tissues. The presence of closely related compounds such as metabolites may interfere with radioimmunoassay results. Appropriate design of immunogens may diminish such interference. This work has been directed towards the use of the amyl side chain for linking cannabinoid compounds to proteins to form immunogens. Although the amyl side chain is metabolized to some extent, the metabolites are not quantitatively significant in most cases. 5'-Carboxy-delta-8-THC and 5'-carboxy-delta-9-THC were linked to bovine serum albumin. Immunization of rabbits with the resulting conjugates resulted in the formation of antisera with high selectivity for delta-9-THC vs. its carboxylic acid metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC. Delta-8-THC radioligands (4',5'-tritium and 5'-iodine-125) could be used with these antisera for analysis of delta-9-THC in plasma. Sensitivity with tritium-labeled material is about 2.5 ng/ml. 5'-Oxo-11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-8-THC was used to prepare an immunogen which led to the generation of an antiserum highly specific for 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC. This antiserum and iodine-125-5'-iodo-11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-8-THC were used to develop a highly specific assay for 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC in plasma.