Lemos A V, Moran J
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1978 Mar;3(2):77-88. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(78)90019-4.
Attitudes toward alcoholism among psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nursing assistants (464 subjects) were surveyed. A nine-factor questionnaire was utilized (emotional difficulties, character defect, social status, illness conception, harmless indulgence and addiction liability). All groups were homogeneous in their perceptions about emotional difficulties contributing to alcoholism, alcoholics not coming from the lower socioeconomic strata of society, and the belief that alcoholics did recover and could be helped by treatment. Age, sex, and special training in the treatment of alcoholism did not have any significant influence on attitudes. All groups believed that periodic excessive drinkers could be alcoholics. None of the groups believed that the alcoholic had a character defect. Psychologists disbelieved the concepts of illness and addiction liability. All groups disagreed with harmless indulgence. Nursing assistants tended to see the alcoholic as a harmless heavy drinker. Working on a special alcoholism treatment unit did not alter the perceptions of psychiatrists, psychologists and nursing assistants. Social workers and registered nurses showed only a minor trend toward a positive attitude change, while the trend went in the opposite direction for licensed practical nurses.
对精神科医生、心理学家、社会工作者、注册护士、执业护士和护理助理（464名受试者）对酗酒的态度进行了调查。使用了一份包含九个因素的问卷（情绪困扰、性格缺陷、社会地位、疾病观念、无害放纵和成瘾倾向）。所有群体在对导致酗酒的情绪困扰、酗酒者并非来自社会经济底层以及酗酒者确实可以康复并能通过治疗得到帮助的看法上是一致的。年龄、性别和酗酒治疗方面的特殊培训对态度没有任何显著影响。所有群体都认为定期过度饮酒者可能是酗酒者。没有一个群体认为酗酒者有性格缺陷。心理学家不相信疾病和成瘾倾向的概念。所有群体都不同意无害放纵的观点。护理助理倾向于将酗酒者视为无害的酗酒者。在专门的酗酒治疗单位工作并没有改变精神科医生、心理学家和护理助理的看法。社会工作者和注册护士仅表现出轻微的积极态度转变趋势，而执业护士的趋势则相反。
