Millar J D, Myers M L
Public Health Rep. 1983 Jul-Aug;98(4):324-36.
Occupational safety and health is 1 of 15 areas addressed in the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. This area represents 104 million working men and women and the deaths, diseases, and injuries that result from exposures to hazards in their work environment. Characteristics of public health practice are compared with characteristics of occupational safety and health practice. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), created by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, is discussed. NIOSH has developed a list of 10 leading work-related diseases and injuries. The list is headed by occupational lung diseases. Twenty Objectives for the Nation in the area of occupational safety and health are reviewed, and the status of NIOSH efforts toward their attainment is discussed. Five categories of objectives are covered: (a) improved health status, (b) reduced risk factors, (c) improved public and professional awareness, (d) improved service and protection, and (e) improved surveillance and evaluation. The potential for achieving these objectives is discussed, with special attention given to the lack of a data base for monitoring progress. A major conclusion is that surveillance in occupational safety and health needs to be strengthened.
职业安全与健康是公共卫生服务部《国家目标》中所涉及的15个领域之一。该领域涉及1.04亿在职男女，以及他们在工作环境中接触危害因素所导致的死亡、疾病和伤害。文中将公共卫生实践的特点与职业安全与健康实践的特点进行了比较。文中还讨论了依据《职业安全与健康法》设立的国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）。NIOSH制定了一份与工作相关的十大主要疾病和伤害清单。清单之首是职业性肺病。文中回顾了职业安全与健康领域的20项国家目标，并讨论了NIOSH为实现这些目标所做努力的进展情况。涵盖了五类目标：（a）改善健康状况，（b）降低风险因素，（c）提高公众和专业人员的认识，（d）改善服务与保护，以及（e）改善监测与评估。文中讨论了实现这些目标的可能性，并特别关注缺乏用于监测进展情况的数据库这一问题。一个主要结论是，职业安全与健康领域的监测需要加强。
