Engel I A, Auh Y H, Rubenstein W A, Whalen J P, Kazam E
Radiology. 1983 Oct;149(1):203-9. doi: 10.1148/radiology.149.1.6310683.
Large posterior abdominal masses, particularly those in the right upper abdomen, may be difficult to localize correctly into the peritoneal or retroperitoneal compartments. The following signs were found to be reliable CT indicators of retroperitoneal location: obliteration of the perinephric fat outlining the psoas muscle; lateral displacement of the fat outlining the posterior right lobe of the liver; rotation of the intrahepatic portal veins to the left; anterior displacement of the inferior vena cava and renal veins; and anterior displacement of the ascending colon, descending duodenum, or pancreatic head.
较大的腹部后部肿块，尤其是右上腹的肿块，可能难以正确定位到腹膜腔或腹膜后腔。以下体征被发现是腹膜后定位的可靠CT指标：勾勒腰大肌的肾周脂肪消失；勾勒肝脏右后叶的脂肪向外侧移位；肝内门静脉向左旋转；下腔静脉和肾静脉向前移位；升结肠、降十二指肠或胰头向前移位。
