Campbell J L
Neurotoxicology. 1983 Fall;4(3):1-12.
PIXE has passed through its demonstration stage and matured into a viable tool supported by a reliable physics data base; the main problem to be solved at the outset of any new project is the preparation of a representative specimen of uniform thickness (or thinness) rather than any aspect of X-ray or accelerator physics or technology. We repeat the caution that minimum detection limits are strongly influenced by the nuclear reaction gamma-ray background from trace elements in the specimen. Thus experiment on a new target type is preferable to use of MDL calculations based on the background due to atomic processes (bremsstrahlung) in the known matrix. One hopes to see a more adventurous mood eg a move from routine blood serum analysis towards analyses of different blood fractions that concentrate specific trace elements. PIGE, while promising, must be regarded as developmental until the data-base of elemental gamma-ray yields is extended and made more accurate; work on fluorine in teeth clearly stands to profit from this technique. Finally, RBS, although scarcely used to date in any biological context, is clearly a powerful way of measuring major elemental ratios in mineralised tissues; however, RBS lacks the resolving power of PIXE and so is not a candidate for multi-trace element analysis.
质子激发X射线发射分析（PIXE）已走过其示范阶段，发展成为一种由可靠物理数据库支持的可行工具；任何新项目开始时要解决的主要问题是制备具有代表性的、厚度均匀（或薄）的样本，而非X射线或加速器物理或技术的任何方面。我们再次提醒，最低检测限受样本中微量元素的核反应伽马射线本底的强烈影响。因此，对新靶材类型进行实验，比基于已知基体中原子过程（轫致辐射）产生的本底进行最低检测限计算更可取。人们希望看到更具冒险精神的做法，例如从常规血清分析转向对浓缩特定微量元素的不同血液成分进行分析。粒子诱发伽马射线发射分析（PIGE）虽然很有前景，但在元素伽马射线产率数据库得到扩展并更精确之前，必须视为仍在发展阶段；牙齿中氟的研究显然有望从这项技术中受益。最后，卢瑟福背散射谱（RBS）虽然迄今在任何生物学领域几乎都未使用，但显然是测量矿化组织中主要元素比率的有力方法；然而，RBS缺乏PIXE的分辨能力，因此不是多微量元素分析的候选方法。
