Effect of lipid membranes on the apparent pK of the local anesthetic tetracaine. Spin label and titration studies.

Electrometric titrations and spin label data demonstrate changes in the experimentally determined apparent pK of an ionizable drug in the presence of membranes. This effect is attributed to the difference in partition coefficients for the charged and uncharged forms of the drug. Investigation of the binding of a local anesthetic, tetracaine, to egg phosphatidylcholine membranes indicates that the drug apparent pK decreases in the presence of membranes, the decrease being a function of membrane concentration. The agreement between titration and spin label studies is very good and could be simulated by calculating membrane-bound and free populations of charged and uncharged tetracaine from the independently-measured partition coefficients for the two forms.