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人权(包括健康权)的经济和政治决定因素。

The economic and political determinants of human (including health) rights.

作者信息

Navarro V

出版信息

Int J Health Serv. 1978;8(1):145-68. doi: 10.2190/E841-GE5G-80D7-J0CT.

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis and critique of the U.S. government's current emphasis on human rights; and (a) its limited focus on only some civil and political components of the original U.N. Declaration of Human Rights, and (b) its disregard for economic and social rights such as the rights to work, fair wages, health, education, and social security. The paper discusses the reasons for that limited focus and argues that, contrary to what is widely presented in the media and academe: (1) civil and political rights are highly restricted in the U.S.; (2) those rights are further restricted in the U.S. when analyzed in their social and economic dimensions; (3) civil and political rights are not independent of but rather intrinsically related to and dependent on the existence of socioeconomic rights; (4) the definition of the nature and extension of human rights in their civil, political, social, and economic dimensions is not universal, but rather depends on the pattern of economic and political power relations particular to each society; and (5) the pattern of power relations in the U.S. society and the western system of power, based on the right to individual property and its concomitant class structure and relations, is incompatible with the full realization of human rights in their economic, social, political, and civil dimensions. This paper further indicates that U.S. financial and corporate capital, through its overwhelming influence over the organs of political power in the U.S. and over international bodies and agencies, is primarily responsible for the denial of the human rights of the U.S. population and many populations throughout the world as well.

摘要

本文对美国政府当前对人权的强调进行了分析和批判;以及(a)其仅将关注点局限于《联合国人权宣言》中部分公民权利和政治权利方面,(b)其忽视诸如工作权、公平工资权、健康权、受教育权和社会保障权等经济和社会权利。本文探讨了这种有限关注的原因,并指出,与媒体和学术界广泛呈现的情况相反:(1)美国的公民权利和政治权利受到高度限制;(2)从社会和经济层面分析,这些权利在美国受到进一步限制;(3)公民权利和政治权利并非独立于社会经济权利,而是与之内在相关并依赖于社会经济权利的存在;(4)人权在公民、政治、社会和经济层面的性质和范围的界定并非普遍适用,而是取决于每个社会特定的经济和政治权力关系模式;(5)美国社会的权力关系模式以及基于个人财产权及其伴随的阶级结构和关系的西方权力体系,与在经济、社会、政治和公民层面充分实现人权不相容。本文还进一步指出,美国金融和企业资本通过对美国政治权力机构以及国际组织和机构的巨大影响力,应对剥夺美国民众以及世界许多民众的人权负主要责任。

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