Bale J F
Arch Neurol. 1984 Mar;41(3):310-20. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1984.04050150092023.
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) occurs in nearly 1% of live-born infants, and from 60% to 80% of the inhabitants of the United States acquire CMV infection by mid adulthood. While neurologic disorders do not develop in the majority of congenitally infected infants, congenital CMV infection can severely damage the developing nervous system, causing microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, seizures, and deafness. Furthermore, approximately 10% of infants who are asymptomatic at birth subsequently exhibit sensorineural hearing loss. In the adult, CMV infection has been associated with the Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, and retinitis. Although Guillain-Barré syndrome can accompany CMV infections in previously healthy adults, meningoencephalitis and retinitis occur more commonly in immunosuppressed patients, particularly among organ transplant recipients. In total, at least 7,000 persons in the United States each year have neurologic disorders attributable to CMV infection.
人巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染发生在近1%的活产婴儿中，美国60%至80%的居民在成年中期会感染CMV。虽然大多数先天性感染婴儿不会出现神经系统疾病，但先天性CMV感染会严重损害发育中的神经系统，导致小头畸形、精神运动发育迟缓、癫痫发作和耳聋。此外，约10%出生时无症状的婴儿随后会出现感音神经性听力损失。在成年人中，CMV感染与吉兰 - 巴雷综合征、脑膜脑炎和视网膜炎有关。虽然吉兰 - 巴雷综合征可伴随先前健康成年人的CMV感染，但脑膜脑炎和视网膜炎在免疫抑制患者中更常见，尤其是器官移植受者。总体而言，美国每年至少有7000人因CMV感染而患有神经系统疾病。
