Fluorescence investigations of calmodulin hydrophobic sites.

Calmodulin activation of target enzymes depends on the interaction between calmodulin hydrophobic regions and some enzyme areas. The Ca2+ induced exposure of calmodulin hydrophobic sites was studied by means of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate, a fluorescent probe. Scatchard and Job plots showed that the calmodulin-Ca42+ complex bound two molecules of this hydrophobic probe, with KD congruent to 1.4 X 10(-4) M. These sites are not totally exposed until calmodulin has bound four Ca2+ per molecule, so the conformational change is not over before the four specific Ca2+ - binding sites are saturated with Ca2+.