Morley J E
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1983;8(4):361-79. doi: 10.1016/0306-4530(83)90016-1.
In the decade since the discovery of specific opioid receptors in the brain, there have been rapid advances in our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of the endogenous opioid systems in humans. Endogenous opioid peptides have been demonstrated to play a role as modulators of a number of hormonal functions in humans. In particular they appear to inhibit luteinizing hormone and ACTH release, and the response of arginine vasopressin to osmotic stimuli. They appear to participate in the modulation of carbohydrate homeostasis. In pathophysiological states, they appear to play a role in the decreased pulsatile luteinizing hormone release seen in patients with prolactinomas. Circulating beta-endorphin appears to be an important regulator of immune function. Preliminary studies in humans have suggested a role for endogenous opioid peptides in appetite regulation. In the last few years, a few case reports have suggested the possibility of a series of syndromes due to endogenous opioid excess. Within the next decade, we can expect to see the routine use of opioid antagonists in a variety of pathophysiological states.
自大脑中发现特定阿片受体以来的十年间，我们对内源性阿片系统在人类生理和病理作用方面的理解有了迅速进展。内源性阿片肽已被证明在人类多种激素功能中作为调节剂发挥作用。特别是，它们似乎抑制促黄体生成素和促肾上腺皮质激素的释放，以及精氨酸加压素对渗透刺激的反应。它们似乎参与碳水化合物稳态的调节。在病理生理状态下，它们似乎在泌乳素瘤患者中促黄体生成素脉冲式释放减少中起作用。循环中的β-内啡肽似乎是免疫功能的重要调节因子。对人类的初步研究表明内源性阿片肽在食欲调节中起作用。在过去几年中，一些病例报告提示了由于内源性阿片过量导致一系列综合征的可能性。在未来十年内，我们有望看到阿片拮抗剂在多种病理生理状态下的常规应用。
