Tsuneki K, Kobayashi H, Gallardo R, Pang P K
J Morphol. 1984 Aug;181(2):143-53. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051810203.
The fine structure of the kidney and the bladder of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the bullfrog tadpole, and the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) were studied with special attention to the innervation of renal tubule cells and bladder epithelial cells. In the bullfrog kidney, nerve terminals and varicosities were frequently associated with the tubule cells, apparently in an increasing order from the proximal tubule to the connecting tubule. Although these terminals and varicosities did not directly contact the tubular cell membrane, an aggregation of synaptic vesicles on the side facing the tubule was considered as morphological evidence that neurotransmitter can be released here and can affect the transport activity of the tubule cells. The association of nerve varicosities with canaliculi cells in the connecting tubule was also demonstrated. In the bullfrog tadpoles, renal tubule cells were occasionally innervated. In the mudpuppy, renal tubule cells were only poorly innervated. The epithelium of the bullfrog bladder was commonly innervated. Nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles were located very near basal cells and even contacted them directly on rare occasions. In the mudpuppy, the innervation of the bladder epithelium was observed infrequently. The bullfrog tadpoles did not possess an apparent bladder. In all materials studied, renal arterioles and bladder smooth muscle cells were innervated.
研究了牛蛙（牛蛙）、牛蛙蝌蚪和泥螈（斑泥螈）的肾脏和膀胱的精细结构，特别关注肾小管细胞和膀胱上皮细胞的神经支配。在牛蛙肾脏中，神经末梢和曲张体经常与肾小管细胞相关联，从近端小管到连接小管，其数量显然呈增加趋势。尽管这些末梢和曲张体并未直接接触肾小管细胞膜，但在面向小管的一侧聚集的突触小泡被视为神经递质可在此释放并能影响肾小管细胞转运活性的形态学证据。还证实了连接小管中的神经曲张体与小管细胞的关联。在牛蛙蝌蚪中，肾小管细胞偶尔会有神经支配。在泥螈中，肾小管细胞的神经支配很少。牛蛙膀胱的上皮通常有神经支配。带有突触小泡的神经末梢位于基底细胞非常近的位置，甚至在极少数情况下直接与其接触。在泥螈中，很少观察到膀胱上皮的神经支配。牛蛙蝌蚪没有明显的膀胱。在所有研究的材料中，肾小动脉和膀胱平滑肌细胞都有神经支配。
