Callaham M L
JACEP. 1978 Mar;7(3):83-7. doi: 10.1016/s0361-1124(78)80063-x.
In a retrospective study of 106 patients with complete follow-up of dog bites treated in the emergency department the following factors greatly increased the risk of infection: age greater than 50 years, delay in seeking treatment, location on an upper extremity, and puncture wounds. Debridement and irrigation decreased the incidence of infection, and sutured wounds were not more likely to become infected than those left open. Prophylactic antibiotics provided no benefit in this series. In the literature, overall infection rates varied widely according to the various patient populations. Up to 50% of infections from dog bites are caused by pasturella multocida, and the remainder by a wide range of organisms, including streptococcus. Ninety-five percent of these organisms will be sensitive to penicillin.
在一项对106例在急诊科接受治疗且有完整随访的犬咬伤患者的回顾性研究中，以下因素会大幅增加感染风险：年龄大于50岁、延迟就诊、上肢咬伤以及穿刺伤。清创和冲洗可降低感染发生率，缝合伤口并不比开放伤口更易感染。在本系列研究中，预防性使用抗生素并无益处。在文献中，根据不同的患者群体，总体感染率差异很大。高达50%的犬咬伤感染是由多杀巴斯德菌引起的，其余则由多种微生物引起，包括链球菌。这些微生物中有95%对青霉素敏感。
