Stellamor K, Hruby W
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1983 Jan 31;133(2):43-8.
Biliary cysts are connected with the biliary tract and primarily contain bile. Mostly this connection persists, which differentiates these cysts from all the others in this region. Therefore biliary cysts lead to a number of clinically serious complications such as calculi and abscess formation, cholangitis, cholestatic cirrhosis (possibly leading to portal hypertension or hepatoma), continuous enlargement of the cyst resulting in perforation into the abdominal cavity (and biliary peritonitis). The biliary cysts occur as a congenital-hereditary disease or develop because of an occlusion of hepatic artery branches. The congenital disease ist extremely rare. The secondary choleceles are caused by thrombo-embolic disorders (infarcts, periarteritis nodosa) or iatrogenically (ligations of vessels after traumatic liver rupture, embolization). Over the past years the secondary choleceles have gained in importance. Each case of cholecele should be diagnosed as early as possible. Though sonography and CT display cystic lesions excellently, differential diagnosis, however, remains difficult. The diagnosis is requested from the radiologist because therapeutic consequences are considerable.
胆管囊肿与胆道相连，主要含有胆汁。大多数情况下，这种连接持续存在，这使这些囊肿与该区域的其他所有囊肿区分开来。因此，胆管囊肿会导致一些临床上严重的并发症，如结石和脓肿形成、胆管炎、胆汁淤积性肝硬化（可能导致门静脉高压或肝癌）、囊肿持续增大导致穿孔进入腹腔（以及胆汁性腹膜炎）。胆管囊肿作为一种先天性遗传性疾病出现，或因肝动脉分支阻塞而形成。先天性疾病极为罕见。继发性胆囊积血是由血栓栓塞性疾病（梗死、结节性动脉周围炎）或医源性因素（外伤性肝破裂后血管结扎、栓塞）引起的。在过去几年中，继发性胆囊积血变得越来越重要。每一例胆囊积血都应尽早诊断。虽然超声检查和CT能很好地显示囊性病变，但鉴别诊断仍然困难。由于治疗后果相当严重，因此需要放射科医生进行诊断。
