Wong E S, Stamm W E
Annu Rev Med. 1983;34:337-58. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.34.020183.002005.
Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) remain the two most common sexually transmitted diseases seen in males in developed countries (1, 2). The past decade has witnessed important developments in these diseases, including the emergence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (3, 4), the recognition of Chlamydia trachomatis (5-8) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (6, 9, 10) as etiologic agents of NGU, a clearer understanding of the spectrum of illness caused by these agents, and the use of newer therapeutic regimens. In both sexes, these agents can either cause mucosal urogenital tract infection (urethritis, cervicitis) or spread contiguously or hematogenously to produce epididymitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease or disseminated gonococcal infection. In this paper we review important advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of urethral infections in men and women, emphasizing particularly the acute urethral syndrome in women.
淋菌性尿道炎和非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）仍是发达国家男性中最常见的两种性传播疾病（1, 2）。在过去十年中，这些疾病有了重要进展，包括产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌的出现（3, 4），沙眼衣原体（5 - 8）和解脲脲原体（6, 9, 10）被确认为NGU的病原体，对这些病原体所致疾病谱有了更清晰的认识，以及采用了更新的治疗方案。在男性和女性中，这些病原体均可引起泌尿生殖道黏膜感染（尿道炎、宫颈炎），或通过直接蔓延或血行播散导致附睾炎、子宫内膜炎、盆腔炎或播散性淋菌感染。在本文中，我们回顾了男女尿道感染在流行病学、发病机制、诊断和治疗方面的重要进展，尤其着重于女性急性尿道综合征。
