Bouissou M F
Horm Res. 1983;18(1-3):43-61. doi: 10.1159/000179778.
This paper reviews the relationships between androgen levels, aggressive behaviour and social relationships in ungulates and primates. In these and most other mammalian species, aggressive behaviour is sexually dimorphic with males being generally more aggressive than females. This difference is evident very early in play behaviour. In males, and sometimes also in females, aggressive behaviour varies in relation with reproductive cycles and the hormonal changes which are involved in these cycles. The experimental manipulation of hormonal levels by castration or administration of exogenous hormones gives results that vary according to the species, sex, type of hormone (e.g. aromatizable or non-aromatizable androgens), and other factors (e.g. antlers state in stags). Nevertheless, it has generally been shown that aggressive behaviour in male ungulates depends largely on androgens and that in female ungulates androgen treatment consistently raises social rank, with or without modification in aggressiveness. Primates, on the other hand, seem to be less dependent on androgens for the expression of aggressive behaviour and social status.
本文综述了有蹄类动物和灵长类动物体内雄激素水平、攻击行为和社会关系之间的联系。在这些动物以及大多数其他哺乳动物物种中，攻击行为具有性别二态性，雄性通常比雌性更具攻击性。这种差异在玩耍行为的早期就很明显。在雄性中，有时在雌性中也是如此，攻击行为会随着生殖周期以及这些周期中涉及的激素变化而变化。通过阉割或给予外源激素对激素水平进行实验性调控，其结果会因物种、性别、激素类型（例如可芳香化或不可芳香化的雄激素）以及其他因素（例如雄鹿的鹿角状态）而有所不同。然而，一般来说，已表明雄性有蹄类动物的攻击行为在很大程度上取决于雄激素，而对于雌性有蹄类动物，雄激素处理无论是否改变攻击性，都能持续提高其社会地位。另一方面，灵长类动物在表达攻击行为和社会地位方面似乎对雄激素的依赖性较小。
