Smith C J, Hespell R B
J Dairy Sci. 1983 Jul;66(7):1536-46. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81970-5.
Over the last decade, developments in recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques and molecular biology have revolutionized bacterial genetics, creating vast, new potential uses of bacteria (as well as animal and plant cells) that were not even considered previously. Bacterial production of hormones is but one example. With bacterial species with well developed genetic systems, such as Escherichia coli, it is now possible genetically to "design" or "engineer" bacterial strains having specific characteristics. One reasonable future approach toward improvement of animal agriculture would be manipulation of the rumen ecosystem via the use of genetically modified ruminal bacteria, but significant obstacles exist with this approach. Genetic systems of ruminal and of anaerobic bacteria of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, in general, have not been studied and are largely unknown. In this paper, the various criteria for possible establishment of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid systems in ruminal bacteria are outlined. Secondly, applications for utilizing genetically engineered ruminal bacteria to control digestion of specific feedstuffs, to regulate specific fermentation products, and to control growth of specific bacterial species are discussed.
在过去十年中，重组脱氧核糖核酸技术和分子生物学的发展彻底改变了细菌遗传学，创造出了细菌（以及动植物细胞）此前从未被考虑过的大量新的潜在用途。细菌生产激素只是其中一个例子。对于具有完善遗传系统的细菌物种，如大肠杆菌，现在有可能通过基因手段“设计”或“构建”具有特定特性的菌株。未来一种改善畜牧业的合理方法是通过使用转基因瘤胃细菌来操控瘤胃生态系统，但这种方法存在重大障碍。一般来说，瘤胃以及哺乳动物胃肠道厌氧细菌的遗传系统尚未得到研究，而且大多不为人知。本文概述了在瘤胃细菌中可能建立重组脱氧核糖核酸系统的各种标准。其次，讨论了利用基因工程瘤胃细菌来控制特定饲料的消化、调节特定发酵产物以及控制特定细菌物种生长的应用。
