Levasseur M C
Reprod Nutr Dev (1980). 1983;23(5):793-816. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19830601.
The role of the uterus and that of the embryo in regulating luteal progesterone secretion appear to differ greatly, depending on the mammal. However, the situation is analogous in some mammals. The main role of luteal progesterone is to permit the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and there appears to be a relationship between the type of placenta and the uterine and embryonic modes of regulating luteal activity. When placentation is endotheliochorial (carnivores), the corpus luteum is active over a remarkably long period; the uterus does not have any limiting action in any of the species studied and the presence of an embryo does not profoundly modify luteal progesterone secretion. When placentation is epitheliochorial (artiodactyls), hysterectomy, like the presence of an embryo in the uterus, considerably prolongs luteal activity in all the species studied. The uterus limits the duration of progesterone secretion by producing luteolytic PGF2 alpha. The embryo maintains progesterone secretion by acting directly on the uterus, causing a change in the synthesis of prostaglandins; this change eventually favors the synthesis of luteotropic PGE's. Moreover, the embryo secretes LH-like and possibly prolactin-like luteotropic factors. When placentation is hemochorial (rodents, lagomorphs, higher primates), the uterus plays a slight role or none at all in regulating luteal activity in all the species studied. The presence of an embryo prolongs and often increases progesterone secretion. The embryo acts in two ways: (a) by causing decidual tissue to form in the endometrium; this tissue secretes the luteotropic factors, uterine "prolactin" and sometimes PGE, and (b) by secreting an LH-like chorionic hormone that is produced in large quantities in primates.
子宫和胚胎在调节黄体孕酮分泌方面所起的作用，因哺乳动物种类不同而有很大差异。然而，在某些哺乳动物中情况类似。黄体孕酮的主要作用是使妊娠得以建立和维持，胎盘类型与子宫及胚胎调节黄体活动的方式之间似乎存在某种关系。当胎盘为内皮绒毛膜型（食肉动物）时，黄体在相当长的时期内保持活跃；在所研究的任何物种中，子宫都没有任何限制作用，胚胎的存在也不会深刻改变黄体孕酮的分泌。当胎盘为上皮绒毛膜型（偶蹄目动物）时，子宫切除，如同子宫内有胚胎存在一样，在所有研究的物种中都能显著延长黄体活动期。子宫通过产生溶黄体的前列腺素F2α来限制孕酮分泌的持续时间。胚胎通过直接作用于子宫来维持孕酮分泌，导致前列腺素合成发生变化；这种变化最终有利于促黄体的前列腺素E的合成。此外，胚胎还分泌类似促黄体生成素以及可能类似催乳素的促黄体因子。当胎盘为血绒毛膜型（啮齿动物、兔形目动物、高等灵长类动物）时，在所研究的所有物种中，子宫在调节黄体活动方面作用轻微或根本不起作用。胚胎的存在会延长并常常增加孕酮分泌。胚胎通过两种方式发挥作用：（a）促使子宫内膜形成蜕膜组织；该组织分泌促黄体因子、子宫“催乳素”，有时还分泌前列腺素E；（b）分泌一种类似促黄体生成素的绒毛膜激素，这种激素在灵长类动物中大量产生。
