Famiglietti E V
Vision Res. 1983;23(11):1265-79. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90102-5.
The neural architecture of on and off pathways in mammalian retina is described, including the development of ideas leading to an understanding of the bisublaminar organization of the inner plexiform layer of the retina which supports these two pathways. The complexities of bipolar cell contributions are contrasted with the relative simplicity of ganglion cell organization with regard to bisublaminar architecture, and a key role is described for internuncial amacrine cells as specific targets for bipolar cells. Two very different kinds of amacrine cell are considered and compared, both of which mediate bipolar input to ganglion cells. These are the rod (type II) amacrine cell, and the more recently discovered "starburst" amacrine cell, which is apparently cholinergic in function. As different as the wide-field starburst amacrine cells are from the narrow-field rod amacrine cells, they share important features. Both are interposed between bipolar and ganglion cells, and both have segregated regions of presynaptic boutons. They differ, however, in that rod amacrines may perform more specific functions related to receptive field center organization, while the functional role of starburst amacrines may be unrelated to receptive field properties of ganglion cells. The mirror-symmetry of type a and type b (off and on) starburst amacrine cells is described together with their synaptic circuitry. In contrast to the rod amacrine cell the output of starburst amacrines is exclusively to ganglion cells. Others have proposed a dual function for acetylcholine (ACh) in the retina. A unifying hypothesis is briefly sketched here which relates the pharmacology of ACh and the dendritic stratification of starburst amacrine cells to the form and function of ganglion cells. It is proposed that the amount of generalized synaptic excitation received from ACh/starburst amacrine cells by a particular type of ganglion cell is largely a function of co-stratification of the ganglion cell's dendrites with the distal boutons of starburst amacrine cells.
本文描述了哺乳动物视网膜中开、关通路的神经结构，包括对视网膜内网状层双亚层组织的认识过程，该组织支持这两条通路。就双亚层结构而言，双极细胞贡献的复杂性与神经节细胞组织的相对简单性形成对比，并描述了中间无长突细胞作为双极细胞的特定靶点所起的关键作用。文中考虑并比较了两种截然不同的无长突细胞，它们都介导双极细胞向神经节细胞的输入。这两种细胞分别是杆状（II型）无长突细胞和最近发现的“星爆”无长突细胞，后者在功能上显然是胆碱能的。尽管广域星爆无长突细胞与窄域杆状无长突细胞差异很大，但它们具有重要的共同特征。两者都介于双极细胞和神经节细胞之间，并且都有突触前终扣的分隔区域。然而，它们的不同之处在于，杆状无长突细胞可能执行与感受野中心组织相关的更特定功能，而星爆无长突细胞的功能作用可能与神经节细胞的感受野特性无关。文中描述了a型和b型（关和开）星爆无长突细胞的镜像对称性及其突触回路。与杆状无长突细胞不同，星爆无长突细胞的输出仅作用于神经节细胞。其他人提出乙酰胆碱（ACh）在视网膜中具有双重功能。这里简要概述了一个统一的假说，该假说将ACh的药理学和星爆无长突细胞的树突分层与神经节细胞的形态和功能联系起来。有人提出，特定类型的神经节细胞从ACh/星爆无长突细胞接收 的广义突触兴奋量在很大程度上取决于神经节细胞的树突与星爆无长突细胞远端终扣的共分层。
