Zenzes M T, Reed T E
Hum Genet. 1984;66(2-3):103-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00286583.
Seroologically detected male antigen" (also called H-Y antigen) was first described in normal male mammals but now appears to occur in normal female mammals as well. "Serologically detected male predominant" (SDMP) antigen is a more appropriate name since the titer in normal males usually exceeds that of normal females. As we show, in each sex there is a considerable inter-individual variability in SDMP antigen titer, and in moderate-to-large size samples the low end of the male range of titers usually coincides with the high end of the female range. Several major problems arise from failure to recognize and/or to deal adequately with this normal variation in SDMP antigen titer. The chief problem is that the "controls" used (often a single individual) may be inadequate and misleading, leading to unjustified designation of samples as "positive", "negative", or even "deviant" ("intermediate", "reduced") for SDMP antigen titer. Other problems include deficiencies in technique and lack of statistical control for test and sample variability. Adequate attention to these problems, especially to the normal variability in SDMP antigen titer, could reduce the contradictions and inconsistencies which have troubled this field.
血清学检测到的雄性抗原”（也称为H-Y抗原）最初是在正常雄性哺乳动物中发现的，但现在看来在正常雌性哺乳动物中也存在。“血清学检测到的雄性优势”（SDMP）抗原是一个更合适的名称，因为正常雄性的滴度通常超过正常雌性。正如我们所展示的，在每种性别中，SDMP抗原滴度都存在相当大的个体间差异，并且在中等至大样本量中，雄性滴度范围的低端通常与雌性滴度范围的高端重合。未能认识到和/或充分处理SDMP抗原滴度的这种正常变异会引发几个主要问题。主要问题在于所使用的“对照”（通常是单个个体）可能不充分且具有误导性，导致将样本不合理地判定为SDMP抗原滴度的“阳性”、“阴性”，甚至“异常”（“中间型”、“降低型”）。其他问题包括技术缺陷以及对检测和样本变异性缺乏统计控制。对这些问题给予充分关注，尤其是对SDMP抗原滴度的正常变异，可能会减少困扰该领域的矛盾和不一致之处。
