Anderson G H
Fed Proc. 1984 Jun;43(9):2438-42.
The composition of milk obtained from mothers giving birth prematurely is of current interest because of the use of this milk as a nutrient source for the premature infant. During the past 5 years research has established that the milk produced by mothers of infants of very low birth weight (e.g., 28-32 wk of gestation) is different from the milk of women giving birth at term. Preterm milk of early lactation is generally found to have higher levels of protein, nonprotein nitrogen, fat, energy, sodium, and chloride, but lower levels of lactose and greater interindividual variation. However, by the end of the first month of lactation the preterm mother's milk is very similar in nutrient composition to term milk, at least based on the incomplete information available at present. Many of the initial differences in composition of preterm compared with term milk may be explained provisionally from animal studies of mammary gland development. Possible explanations include reduced blood flow to the gland and hence milk volume, incomplete differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, and the absence of tight junctions between epithelial cells.
由于早产母乳被用作早产儿的营养来源，目前人们对早产母亲的乳汁成分很感兴趣。在过去5年中，研究已证实，极低出生体重婴儿（如妊娠28 - 32周）的母亲所分泌的乳汁与足月分娩女性的乳汁不同。一般发现，早产早期泌乳的乳汁中蛋白质、非蛋白氮、脂肪、能量、钠和氯的含量较高，但乳糖含量较低，且个体差异较大。然而，至少根据目前所掌握的不完整信息来看，到泌乳第一个月末，早产母亲的乳汁在营养成分上与足月母乳非常相似。与足月母乳相比，早产母乳成分最初的许多差异可能可以从乳腺发育的动物研究中得到初步解释。可能的解释包括乳腺血流量减少，进而导致乳汁分泌量减少；乳腺上皮细胞分化不完全；上皮细胞之间缺乏紧密连接。
