Vincent K R, Castillo I M
J Clin Psychol. 1984 Mar;40(2):400-2. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198403)40:2<400::aid-jclp2270400202>3.0.co;2-i.
Investigated the relationship between Loevinger 's levels of ego development and DSM-III Axis II personality disorder diagnoses, with a private psychiatric clinic sample of 400 patients. A breakdown of the ego development levels for each personality disorder is provided. Personality disorders that cluster in the dramatic, emotional and erratic cluster of the DSM-III ( histrionic , narcissistic, antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were found to have the majority of individuals who scored below the conformity level in the sample, with almost half of the individuals in this personality cluster below the conformity level. Another finding was that the psychiatric patient sample was devoid of individuals at the highest levels of ego functioning. Also, individuals who had their personality diagnoses deferred, predominantly due to psychotic mental disorders, typically were at or above the conformity level.
以一家私立精神病诊所的400名患者为样本，研究了洛温格自我发展水平与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）轴II人格障碍诊断之间的关系。文中给出了每种人格障碍的自我发展水平分类。发现DSM - III中戏剧性、情绪性和不稳定类别的人格障碍（表演型、自恋型、反社会型和边缘型人格障碍），在样本中得分低于整合水平的个体占多数，该人格类别中近一半个体低于整合水平。另一个发现是，该精神病患者样本中缺乏自我功能处于最高水平的个体。此外，主要因精神障碍而推迟人格诊断的个体，通常处于或高于整合水平。
