Navin T R, Juranek D D
Rev Infect Dis. 1984 May-Jun;6(3):313-27. doi: 10.1093/clinids/6.3.313.
Cryptosporidium, an intestinal protozoan parasite, is a well-known cause of diarrhea in animals but has been recognized only recently as a cause of human disease. Since 1976, 58 cases of cryptosporidiosis in humans have been reported; 18 of the patients had normal immune function, and 40 had various immunologic abnormalities, the most common of which, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), occurred in 33 patients. Patients with normal immune function had self-limited diarrhea, but patients with immunologic abnormalities often developed severe, irreversible diarrhea; 22 patients have died. The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis can now be made noninvasively, but increased diagnostic proficiency has led to little improvement in control or treatment of the disease. Although 23 compounds have been evaluated in experimentally infected animals and 20 drugs have been used in human clinical trials, no effective chemotherapeutic agent for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date.
隐孢子虫是一种肠道原生动物寄生虫，是动物腹泻的常见病因，但直到最近才被确认为人类疾病的病因。自1976年以来，已报告58例人类隐孢子虫病病例；其中18例患者免疫功能正常，40例有各种免疫异常，最常见的是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病），有33例患者。免疫功能正常的患者腹泻具有自限性，但免疫异常的患者常出现严重的、不可逆的腹泻；22例患者死亡。现在可以通过非侵入性方法诊断隐孢子虫病，但诊断水平的提高对该病的控制或治疗几乎没有改善。尽管已在实验感染动物中评估了23种化合物，且有20种药物用于人体临床试验，但迄今为止尚未确定有效的隐孢子虫病化疗药物。
