Lundberg J M, Fahrenkrug J, Hökfelt T, Martling C R, Larsson O, Tatemoto K, Anggård A
Peptides. 1984 May-Jun;5(3):593-606. doi: 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90090-1.
By immunohistochemistry it was found that PHI- and VIP-like immunoreactivity (-IR) occurred in the same autonomic neurons in the upper respiratory tract, tongue and salivary glands with associated ganglia in rat, guinea-pig, cat, pig and man. VIP- and PHI-like immunoreactivity was also found in similar locations in the human heart. The N-terminally directed, but not the C-terminally directed, PHI antiserum or the VIP antiserum stained endocrine cells in the pig duodenum. This suggests the existence of an additional PHI-like peptide. Ligation of nerves acutely caused marked overlapping axonal accumulations of PHI- and VIP-IR central to the lesion. Two weeks after transection of the nerves, both types of immunoreactivities were still observed in accumulations both in the axons as well as in the corresponding cell bodies. The levels of PHI- and VIP-IR in normal tissues from the cat were around 10-50 pmol/g with a molar ratio of about 1 to 2. Systemic administrations of PHI and VIP induced hypotension, probably due to peripheral vasodilation in both guinea-pig and cat. Furthermore, both PHI and VIP caused an inhibition of the vagally induced increase in respiratory insufflation pressure in guinea-pig. PHI and VIP relaxed the guinea-pig trachea in vitro, suggesting a direct action on tracheobronchial smooth muscle. VIP was about 5-10 times more potent than PHI with regard to hypotensive effects and 2-3-fold, considering respiratory smooth muscle-relaxant effects in the guinea-pig. PHI was about 50-fold less potent to induce hypotension in the cat than in the guinea-pig. Although species differences seem to exist as regards biological potency, PHI should also be considered when examining the role of VIP as an autonomic neurotransmitter.
通过免疫组织化学发现，在大鼠、豚鼠、猫、猪和人的上呼吸道、舌头、唾液腺以及相关神经节的同一自主神经元中出现了胰高血糖素样肽（PHI）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）样免疫反应性（-IR）。在人的心脏中也在类似位置发现了VIP样和PHI样免疫反应性。N端定向而非C端定向的PHI抗血清或VIP抗血清可使猪十二指肠中的内分泌细胞染色。这表明存在一种额外的PHI样肽。神经结扎急性导致损伤部位中央显著的PHI和VIP-IR轴突重叠积聚。神经横断两周后，在轴突以及相应细胞体的积聚中仍观察到两种免疫反应性。猫正常组织中PHI和VIP-IR的水平约为10 - 50 pmol/g，摩尔比约为1比2。全身性给予PHI和VIP可导致低血压，可能是由于豚鼠和猫的外周血管舒张。此外，PHI和VIP均抑制豚鼠迷走神经诱导的呼吸吹气压力增加。PHI和VIP在体外使豚鼠气管松弛，表明对气管支气管平滑肌有直接作用。就降压作用而言，VIP的效力比PHI强约5 - 10倍，考虑到对豚鼠呼吸平滑肌的松弛作用则强2 - 3倍。PHI在猫中诱导低血压的效力比在豚鼠中低约50倍。尽管在生物效力方面似乎存在种属差异，但在研究VIP作为自主神经递质的作用时也应考虑PHI。
