Whelton A
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Nov(190):66-74.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics continue to be indispensable in the management of complex aerobic gram-negative infections. In the United States approximately 4,000,000 patients receive this antibiotic class each year. Although the clinical efficacy of aminoglycosides is unsurpassed, these antibiotics nonetheless have an inherent tendency to produce undesirable side effects. In particular, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity continue to be the toxicologic side effects that merit special concern in patient management. If careful attention is paid to the dose of an aminoglycoside, the duration of its use, and other clinical issues, such as the state of hydration of the patient, toxic side effects can be reduced to the minimum. Aminoglycosides are chemically and microbiologically ideally suited for inclusion in polymethylmethacrylate bone cements as a delivery system for prevention or treatment of orthopedic surgical infections.
氨基糖苷类抗生素在复杂需氧革兰氏阴性菌感染的治疗中仍然不可或缺。在美国，每年约有400万患者使用这类抗生素。尽管氨基糖苷类抗生素的临床疗效无与伦比，但这些抗生素仍有产生不良副作用的内在倾向。特别是，肾毒性和耳毒性仍然是患者管理中值得特别关注的毒理学副作用。如果仔细注意氨基糖苷类抗生素的剂量、使用持续时间以及其他临床问题，如患者的水合状态，毒副作用可以降至最低。氨基糖苷类抗生素在化学和微生物学上非常适合作为预防或治疗骨科手术感染的给药系统，被纳入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥中。
