Lemberg E
Nurse Pract. 1984 Oct;9(10):24-5, 29-32, 37.
The Today vaginal contraceptive sponge is a non-prescription barrier contraceptive which, after rigorous testing, was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and marketed nationally. It is a cup-shaped white polyurethane sponge six cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thick, with a removal loop. The hydrophilic sponge is impregnated with spermicide. The user-inserted sponge can remain in place for multiple coital acts during a 24-hour period, and must remain in place for six hours after the last ejaculation for a maximum of 30 hours. It acts by spermicidal action, absorption of sperm and as a mechanical barrier. Effectiveness is comparable to other vaginal contraceptives: 84 percent use and 89-91 percent theoretical use effectiveness. The FDA determined that the sponge does not pose a greater risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) than tampon use. Concerns regarding carcinogens were refuted. Spermicide teratogenicity, while under continued study, has not been supported. Advantages include spontaneity, convenience and comfort. Disadvantages include removal and retention problems. Providers teaching women proper placement and removal of the sponge is encouraged. It is a viable barrier-method alternative.
今日阴道避孕海绵是一种非处方屏障避孕器具，经过严格测试后，最近获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准并在全国上市。它是一个杯状白色聚氨酯海绵，直径6厘米，厚1.5厘米，带有一个取出环。这种亲水性海绵浸有杀精剂。使用者自行放入的海绵在24小时内可在原位用于多次性交行为，并且在最后一次射精后必须在原位保留6小时，最长保留30小时。它通过杀精作用、吸收精子以及作为机械屏障发挥作用。其有效性与其他阴道避孕器具相当：实际使用有效率为84%，理论使用有效率为89 - 91%。FDA认定，与使用 tampon相比，该海绵引发中毒性休克综合征（TSS）的风险并不更高。关于致癌物的担忧被驳回。杀精剂的致畸性虽仍在持续研究中，但尚未得到证实。优点包括自主性、便利性和舒适性。缺点包括取出和留存问题。鼓励医护人员向女性传授正确放置和取出海绵的方法。它是一种可行的屏障避孕方法替代选择。
