Zeier H
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1984 Dec;9(4):497-508. doi: 10.1007/BF01000565.
This study investigated the effectiveness of a relaxation procedure that combines a concentration aid, in the form of biofeedback, with elements of approved relaxation procedures. Ten subjects completed two sessions, one with and one without feedback. Half of the subjects started with the feedback session and then completed the session without feedback; the other half had the reverse order. In the experimental procedure, subjects had to concentrate on their exhalation, being supported by respiratory feedback. In the background they heard slow movements of baroque music and relaxation-suggesting sentences. The control procedure contained only background music and relaxation-suggesting sentences. Both procedures elicited a trophotropic response: Finger temperature increased while skin conductance level, number of skin conductance responses, and muscle tension decreased. However, with respiratory feedback and meditation, there was an additional, specific effect, a decrease in respiration and heart rate, to an extent not found in the control procedure. It is suggested that exhalation feedback helps to concentrate on the exhalation process and by this means slows respiration rate, and as a consequence, also heart rate. Therefore, respiratory feedback could be a useful tool for inducing relaxation and slowing of heart rate.
本研究调查了一种放松程序的有效性，该程序将生物反馈形式的注意力辅助与已批准的放松程序的要素相结合。10名受试者完成了两个阶段，一个阶段有反馈，另一个阶段没有反馈。一半受试者从有反馈的阶段开始，然后完成无反馈的阶段；另一半则顺序相反。在实验过程中，受试者必须在呼吸反馈的支持下专注于呼气。在背景中，他们听到巴洛克音乐的缓慢乐章以及暗示放松的语句。对照程序仅包含背景音乐和暗示放松的语句。两种程序均引发了促营养反应：手指温度升高，而皮肤电导水平、皮肤电导反应次数和肌肉张力降低。然而，通过呼吸反馈和冥想，还产生了一种额外的特定效果，即呼吸和心率下降，这在对照程序中未出现。有人认为，呼气反馈有助于专注于呼气过程，从而减慢呼吸频率，进而也减慢心率。因此，呼吸反馈可能是诱导放松和减慢心率的有用工具。
