Acute infective endocarditis.

Acute infective endocarditis is an important cardiovascular emergency that can be detected with improved diagnostic techniques. In the last few decades we have witnessed a changing spectrum of microorganisms causing infective endocarditis. Successful treatment of infective endocarditis is enhanced by the combined and cooperative efforts of the internist and the surgeon. In this article, we have discussed the clinical evaluation, laboratory techniques, and noninvasive studies by which proper diagnosis can be made and appropriate antimicrobial therapy instituted. We have also reviewed the indications for surgical intervention. With careful clinical evaluation and proper application of the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, acute infective endocarditis can often be cured.