Increased risk of gallstones in children receiving total parenteral nutrition.

Twenty-one children receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition were prospectively evaluated for the presence of gallstones. Using ultrasonography, nine children (43%) were found to have cholelithiasis, and five have since undergone cholecystectomy. Only children with ileal disorders or previous resection developed stones. In the select group of patients with ileal disorders or previous resection, the prevalence of stones was 64%, nearly twice that which has been observed in similarly defined adults not receiving total parenteral nutrition. Data from this study suggest that the prolonged administration of parenteral nutrition significantly enhances the risk of gallstone formation already imposed by a previous ileal resection or disorder. Periodic ultrasonograms provide a safe and accurate means of monitoring high-risk patients during and after prolonged total parenteral nutrition therapy.