Conroy G C, Rose M D
Foot Ankle. 1983 May-Jun;3(6):342-64. doi: 10.1177/107110078300300604.
The fossil evidence relating to the evolution of the primate foot is reviewed and evaluated. Many of the characteristic features of the primate foot had evolved by the early Tertiary over 40 million years ago. Probably the most significant of these developments was the progressive migration of the talus to a position over the calcaneum. These morphological features are followed through the Miocene hominoid genera from East Africa, Europe, and South Asia. While some features of Miocene hominoids, especially those relating to climbing abilities, are still evident in the predominantly bipedal earliest hominids of the Plio-Pleistocene, there is no evidence yet from the Miocene of the first stages in the evolution of that bipedalism.
本文对与灵长类足部进化相关的化石证据进行了回顾与评估。早在4000多万年前的第三纪早期，灵长类足部的许多特征就已经进化形成。其中，距骨逐渐向跟骨上方移动，这一进化可能最为重要。这些形态特征在来自东非、欧洲和南亚的中新世类人猿属中得以延续。虽然在主要以双足行走的上新世-更新世最早期原始人类中，仍能明显看到中新世类人猿的一些特征，尤其是与攀爬能力相关的特征，但目前尚未从中新世找到双足行走进化第一阶段的证据。
