Arachidonic acid availability and prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells.

When human umbilical vein endothelial cultures were grown in the presence of supplemental arachidonic acid, the cell phospholipids became enriched with arachidonic acid. Prostacyclin (PGI2) accumulated in the medium during supplementation with arachidonic acid. The capacity of these enriched cultures to produce PGI2 when subsequently incubated with either arachidonic acid or thrombin was reduced by as much as 90%, but release of arachidonic acid from the cell lipids in response to thrombin stimulation was not inhibited. Refractory cultures completely recovered the capacity to form PGI2 within 18 hours after removal of the medium containing supplemental arachidonic acid. However, recovery was prevented by cycloheximide. When enrichment with arachidonic acid was done in the presence of ibuprofen, a reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor, PGI2 did not accumulate in the medium during supplementation, and the subsequent capacity of the cultures to produce PGI2 in response to thrombin increased by 70% to 240%. By contrast, the capacity of these supplemented cultures to convert added arachidonic acid to PGI2 did not increase. Therefore, the enhancement in thrombin-stimulated PGI2 production when the cultures are supplemented with arachidonic acid probably is due to the larger amount of arachidonic acid available in the intracellular lipid substrate pools, rather than to an activation of the PGI2 synthetic pathway. These findings suggest that changes in the arachidonic acid content of the endothelial cell lipids may modulate the capacity of the endothelium to produce PGI2 in response to stimulation.