The reproductive--endocrine response of adult rams to sexual encounters with estrual ewes is season dependent.

An experiment was conducted with four adult, sexually inexperienced Finnish Landrace rams during the ovine nonbreeding (July) and breeding (October) seasons to determine the influence of components of the rams' mating behavior on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone. On four occasions in both seasons, blood was collected by jugular venipuncture at 20-min intervals during an 8-hr period while rams were (1) separated from, (2) observing with minimal direct physical contact, (3) mounting without intromission, or (4) mating estrous-induced ewes. In comparison with separation periods, mating activity in July was associated with increased mean LH (P less than 0.05) and testosterone levels and number of LH peaks, while in October, obvious increases were detected in only baseline LH levels (P less than 0.05). Circulating LH and testosterone levels either did not change (July) or were depressed (October) during the mounting and observation periods. FSH levels generally remained unaffected by engagement in the various sexual activities. Although a clear relationship between type of sexual activity and mean PRL levels was not observed in July, activities which appeared to involve the most physical exertion tended to be associated with much higher circulating PRL levels in October. These data suggest (1) the act of ejaculation is important in the induction of increases in LH and testosterone secretion that occur in rams in response to mating activity during the nonbreeding season and (2) excessively stressful sexual activities during the breeding season may alter the pattern of secretion of some reproductive hormones.