Babin R W, Osbon D B, Khangure M S
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1983 Aug;91(4):366-71. doi: 10.1177/019459988309100404.
Arteriovenous malformations of the mandible may present with pulsatile tinnitus, pain, a bruit, loosening of teeth, or intraoral or facial deformation or discoloration. In the absence of these classic symptoms and signs, the unwary surgeon might attempt a limited excision, leading to massive intraoperative hemorrhage. Management includes external carotid as well as selective branch arteriography and preoperative arterial embolization with polyvinyl alcohol sponges and absorbable gelatin. Vessel ligation, mandibular resection, lesion excision, mandibular autografting, and intermaxillary fixation complete surgical treatment.
下颌骨动静脉畸形可能表现为搏动性耳鸣、疼痛、血管杂音、牙齿松动，或口腔内或面部变形或变色。若没有这些典型症状和体征，粗心的外科医生可能会尝试进行有限切除，从而导致术中大量出血。治疗方法包括颈外动脉以及选择性分支动脉造影，并用聚乙烯醇海绵和可吸收明胶进行术前动脉栓塞。血管结扎、下颌骨切除、病变切除、下颌骨自体移植和颌间固定完成手术治疗。
