Kitts D B
Acta Biotheor. 1983;32(3):195-205. doi: 10.1007/BF00047492.
It has been suggested that biological theories differ from physical theories because the subject matter of biology differs from the subject matter of physics especially in the fact that living bodies are more complex than nonliving bodies. It is shown that the interactional complexity of living bodies can only be expressed by invoking biological theories. The claim that living bodies are complex is, therefore, ultimately a claim about the nature of scientific theories rather than a claim about the nature of the subject matter of biology resting upon a presystematic judgement.
有人认为生物学理论与物理学理论不同，因为生物学的研究对象与物理学的研究对象不同，特别是生命体比非生命体更复杂这一事实。研究表明，生命体的相互作用复杂性只能通过引用生物学理论来表达。因此，关于生命体是复杂的这一说法，归根结底是关于科学理论本质的一种说法，而不是基于一种先于系统的判断而对生物学研究对象本质的一种说法。
