Cryosensitivity of Escherichia coli and the involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids.

Strains of Escherichia coli proficient and deficient in cylopropane fatty acid synthesis were compared for fatty acid content, cryosensitivity, presence of freeze-thaw-induced wall and membrane damage, resistance to detergent-stimulated lysis and tolerance to salt and detergents during growth. The mutant populations synthesized much less cyclopropane fatty acids and were more resistant than the wild type to freezing and thawing in saline only, exhibiting less viability loss and less wall and membrane damage. While the resistance of the mutants to NaCl was unaltered, their detergent resistance was decreased under both growth and non-growth conditions. Although these physiological changes were associated with a lower cyclopropane fatty acid content in the mutant strains, it is proposed that the responses were due to the altered membrane fluidity of the mutants due to changes in their unsaturated fatty acid content.