Handsfield H H
J Med. 1983;14(4):281-305.
Gonorrhea remains the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection, with a total of 2-2.5 million cases occurring annually in the United States. The annual incidence of gonococcal and nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is 600,000-1,000,000 cases, 10-15% of which result in infertility due to bilateral tubal occulusion. PID results from ascending infection with sexually transmitted pathogens or components of the normal vaginal flora, or both. Uncomplicated gonorrhea usually is best treated with a single dose of ampicillin or procaine penicillin G (given with probenecid) or spectinomycin, in each case followed by a 7 day course of tetracycline or doxycycline to eradicate coexisting chlamydial infection. PID, both gonococcal and non-gonococcal, ideally should be treated in the hospital with parenteral antibiotics. Regimens utilizing various combinations of doxycycline, cefoxitin, clindamycin, aminoglyocosides, or metronidazole are recommended. The sexual partners of patients with gonorrhea or with PID (non-gonococcal as well as gonococcal) should be routinely examined and treated.
淋病仍然是最常报告的性传播感染疾病，在美国每年总共发生200万至250万例病例。淋菌性和非淋菌性盆腔炎（PID）的年发病率为60万至100万例，其中10%至15%会因双侧输卵管闭塞而导致不孕。盆腔炎是由性传播病原体或正常阴道菌群的成分或两者同时上行感染引起的。无并发症的淋病通常用单剂量氨苄青霉素或普鲁卡因青霉素G（加丙磺舒）或壮观霉素治疗效果最佳，每种情况之后再用7天疗程的四环素或强力霉素来根除并存的衣原体感染。无论是淋菌性还是非淋菌性盆腔炎，理想情况下都应在医院用胃肠外抗生素治疗。推荐使用强力霉素、头孢西丁、克林霉素、氨基糖苷类或甲硝唑的各种组合方案。淋病患者或盆腔炎患者（包括非淋菌性和淋菌性）的性伴侣应常规接受检查和治疗。
