Wambersie A
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1984 Jun;10 Suppl 1:81-6. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(84)90454-1.
A short history of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and its main objectives are presented. They now include the development of internationally acceptable recommendations regarding: (1) quantities and units; (2) procedures suitable for the measurement and application of these quantities (as well as the associated uncertainties); (3) physical data needed in the application of these procedures; and (4) definition of terms and concepts used in radiation therapy. One of the most important actions of the ICRU during the last two decades was its recommendation in favor of the introduction of the SI units (International System of Units) in the field of ionizing radiation. In addition, in order to facilitate its use, the ICRU recommended the adoption of new special names in the SI system: gray, becquerel and sievert. Recently published ICRU reports in the field of radiation therapy are reviewed. Reports 23 and 24 provide recommendations for determining the absorbed dose in a patient irradiated with X or gamma ray beams. High energy electron and neutron beams have been considered in Reports 21 and 26 respectively. Report 31 provides a survey of the available W values and Report 29 makes recommendations on dose specification for reporting therapeutic irradiation in external beam therapy. A report dealing specifically with Quality Assurance in radiation therapy is in preparation.
介绍了国际辐射单位与测量委员会（ICRU）的简史及其主要目标。其目标现包括制定国际认可的建议，内容涉及：（1）量和单位；（2）适用于这些量的测量和应用的程序（以及相关不确定度）；（3）应用这些程序所需的物理数据；（4）放射治疗中使用的术语和概念的定义。在过去二十年里，ICRU最重要的行动之一是建议在电离辐射领域引入国际单位制（SI）单位。此外，为便于使用，ICRU建议在SI制中采用新的专用名称：格雷、贝可勒尔和希沃特。回顾了ICRU最近在放射治疗领域发表的报告。第23号和第24号报告给出了确定接受X射线或γ射线束照射患者吸收剂量的建议。第21号和第26号报告分别考虑了高能电子束和中子束。第31号报告对现有的W值进行了综述，第29号报告就外照射治疗中治疗性照射报告的剂量规范提出了建议。一份专门论述放射治疗质量保证的报告正在编写中。
