Bossmann B, Haschen R J, Schmidt R, Linss W
Acta Histochem. 1984;74(2):217-34.
The influence of bile salts on the mucosal surface of rat jejunum was tested with an in vivo technique of segmental perfusion. Sodium taurocholate and chenodesoxycholate were applied in a concentration of 3 mmol/l. The release of 5 brush border membrane enzymes, 5 cytosolic, 1 mitochondrial, and 2 lysosomal enzymes during a perfusion time of 150 min as well as morphological alterations after bile salt treatment were investigated. Among the membrane enzymes, due to their superficial localization, the solubilization of enteropeptidase and alpha-1,4-glucosidase was highest both in the control perfusion and in the presence of bile salts. At the same time, cytoplasmic enzyme activities were liberated extensively whereas lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes were scarcely detectable. This disproves any serious injury of the enterocytes. Electronmicroscopic results supported this suggestion. After administration of taurocholate (in physiological concentration), only an occasional diminution of the glycocalyx was observed and even chenodeoxycholate (in an unphysiological concentration) caused only negligible destructions of intestinal brush borders. Investigations with ruthenium red to contrast the glycocalyx showed a partially unchanged structure. Microvesiculation from the microvilli was observed in many electron microscopic photographs. That is a possibility for the release of membrane-bound and cytosolic enzymes without destruction of enterocytes.
采用体内节段灌注技术测试了胆盐对大鼠空肠黏膜表面的影响。将牛磺胆酸钠和鹅去氧胆酸以3 mmol/l的浓度应用。研究了在150分钟的灌注时间内5种刷状缘膜酶、5种胞质酶、1种线粒体酶和2种溶酶体酶的释放情况，以及胆盐处理后的形态学改变。在膜酶中，由于其表面定位，肠肽酶和α-1,4-葡糖苷酶在对照灌注和存在胆盐的情况下溶解程度最高。与此同时，胞质酶活性大量释放，而溶酶体酶和线粒体酶几乎检测不到。这证明肠上皮细胞没有受到严重损伤。电子显微镜结果支持了这一观点。给予牛磺胆酸盐（生理浓度）后，仅偶尔观察到糖萼减少，即使是鹅去氧胆酸盐（非生理浓度）也仅导致肠刷状缘的轻微破坏。用钌红对糖萼进行对比的研究表明其结构部分未变。在许多电子显微镜照片中观察到微绒毛有微泡形成。这是在不破坏肠上皮细胞的情况下释放膜结合酶和胞质酶的一种可能方式。
