McManis D I, McCarthy M, Koval R
Percept Mot Skills. 1978 Feb;46(1):88-90. doi: 10.2466/pms.1978.46.1.88.
7 hyperactive children in a pilot study, and 15 hyperactive and 15 non-hyperactive control children in a later study, were assessed for salivation to lemon juice stimulation, reactive inhibition on an audio-vigilance task, and visual-motor maze errors. Hyperactive children were tested under stimulant drug and nondrug conditions and nonhyperactive children twice under nondrug conditions. Pilot study hyperactive children displayed significantly fewer maze errors and somewhat greater salivation and lesser reactive inhibition levels under the drug than the nondrug conditions. Follow-up study control children did not differ significantly between test occasions on any measure, while the hyperactive children displayed significantly fewer maze errors, more salivation, and less reactive inhibition under the stimulant drug, indicating significant decreases in extraversion after the stimulant drug.
在一项初步研究中有7名多动儿童，在随后的一项研究中有15名多动儿童和15名非多动对照儿童，对他们进行了柠檬汁刺激下的唾液分泌、听觉警觉任务中的反应抑制以及视觉运动迷宫错误评估。多动儿童在服用兴奋剂药物和未服用药物的条件下接受测试，非多动儿童在未服用药物的条件下接受了两次测试。初步研究中的多动儿童在服用药物时比未服用药物时迷宫错误显著减少，唾液分泌略多，反应抑制水平略低。后续研究中的对照儿童在任何测量指标的测试场合之间没有显著差异，而多动儿童在服用兴奋剂药物时迷宫错误显著减少，唾液分泌更多，反应抑制更少，表明服用兴奋剂药物后外向性显著降低。
