Flanigan R C, Rapp R P, McRoberts J W
Urol Clin North Am. 1984 Nov;11(4):671-9.
Patients with advanced urothelial cancers often have cachexia and anorexia resulting in severe malnutrition and depressed immunologic function. Careful nutritional assessment early in their evaluation and early use of parenteral and enteral nutritional supplements play an important role in allowing these patients to withstand their therapies safely as well as in improving their prognosis.
晚期尿路上皮癌患者常伴有恶病质和厌食，导致严重营养不良和免疫功能低下。在评估早期进行仔细的营养评估，并尽早使用肠外和肠内营养补充剂，对于使这些患者安全耐受治疗以及改善其预后起着重要作用。
