McNeish A S
Ann Allergy. 1984 Dec;53(6 Pt 2):643-8.
The biologic clock that determines the temporal sequence of maturation of digestive and absorptive processes in the gastrointestinal tract is genetically predetermined, but may be modified by dietary, hormonal, or other factors. In general it may be said that the gastrointestinal tract of full-term neonates is capable of digesting and absorbing a nutritionally adequate quantity of dietary protein but capacity is limited. Very low birth weight preterm infants, who are surviving the early neonatal period in increasing numbers, have immaturity of a wide range of digestive and membrane-associated absorptive processes; in addition macromolecular absorption may be increased. Whether a limited capacity to digest food protein results in increased or altered antigenic stimulation of these immature infants remains speculative with present knowledge. Immaturity of intestinal lactase may lead to problems of lactose intolerance, but there is recent evidence that lactase activity may be inducible by milk feeding.
决定胃肠道消化和吸收过程成熟时间顺序的生物钟是由基因预先决定的，但可能会受到饮食、激素或其他因素的影响。一般来说，可以说足月儿的胃肠道能够消化和吸收营养充足的膳食蛋白质，但其能力有限。越来越多在新生儿早期存活下来的极低出生体重早产儿，其广泛的消化和膜相关吸收过程不成熟；此外，大分子吸收可能会增加。目前的知识尚无法确定消化食物蛋白的能力有限是否会导致这些未成熟婴儿的抗原刺激增加或改变。肠道乳糖酶不成熟可能会导致乳糖不耐受问题，但最近有证据表明，母乳喂养可诱导乳糖酶活性。
