Gruhn J G, Gorlin R J, Langer L O
Am J Dis Child. 1978 Apr;132(4):382-6. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120290054010.
Dyssegment dwarfism is a lethal anisospondylic camptomicromelic form of growth retardation that appears to have autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by short neck, cleft palate, narrow chest, severe shortening of long bones and trunk, reduced joint mobility, inguinal hernia, and probably hirsutism and hydroureter/hydronephrosis. Some cases are seen with occipital exencephalocele. The long bones are short and bent with metaphyseal flaring. The vertebral bodies are of different size and many consist of separate ossified masses. The iliac bones are small with hypoplasia of the horizontal and inferior margina. Maturation of cartilage cells at the epiphyseal plates is grossly disturbed and there are puddle-like spaces among the resting cartilage cells.
节段分化不全性侏儒症是一种致死性的非对称性脊柱前凸型短肢侏儒症,呈常染色体隐性遗传。其特征为颈部短、腭裂、胸廓狭窄、长骨和躯干严重缩短、关节活动度降低、腹股沟疝,可能还有多毛症和输尿管积水/肾盂积水。部分病例伴有枕部脑膨出。长骨短且弯曲,干骺端增宽。椎体大小不一,许多由分离的骨化块组成。髂骨小,水平和下缘发育不全。骨骺板处软骨细胞成熟严重紊乱,静止软骨细胞间有积水样间隙。