Kagel Steven A, White Raymond M, Coyne James C
Department of Psychology.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1978 Apr;48(2):342-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1978.tb01322.x.
In a study of intact and of father-absent families, male adolescent disturbance in both groups was found to be related to less warm, supportive, and expressive intrafamilial relations; less of a family orientation toward personal growth; and less successful participation in extrafamilial involvement. Disturbance in father-absent boys was not related to negative father-typing by the mother or maternal restrictions, and the findings do not support the assumption of family conditions peculiar to the father-absent home as a factor in adolescent pathology.
