Nelham R L
J Biomed Eng. 1981 Oct;3(4):267-74. doi: 10.1016/0141-5425(81)90130-8.
The chairbound, handicapped person often requires a cushion to distribute the supportive forces over the largest area possible in order to reduce the risk of the development of a pressure sore. The paraplegic, or someone with a pelvic obliquity, may require a specially contoured cushion to redistribute seating pressures. Additionally, postural support can be provided by a relatively simple harness or by lateral support pads, either fitted as extras to standard wheelchairs or included as part of some wheelchair designs. The severely handicapped person may require padded inserts in his wheelchair or an intimately moulded seat which helps to control some spasms as well as to provide a functional, comfortable posture. Each of the commonly used methods of solving the seating problems of the chairbound person is discussed and different production processes used for the manufacture of personalized seats are presented.
长期卧床的残疾人通常需要一个靠垫，以便将支撑力分布在尽可能大的面积上，从而降低发生压疮的风险。截瘫患者或有骨盆倾斜的人可能需要一个特殊形状的靠垫来重新分配就座压力。此外，可以通过相对简单的背带或侧面支撑垫提供姿势支撑，这些支撑垫既可以作为标准轮椅的附加装置安装，也可以作为某些轮椅设计的一部分包含在内。严重残疾的人可能需要在轮椅中使用填充衬垫或贴合身体形状的座椅，这有助于控制一些痉挛，并提供功能性、舒适的姿势。本文讨论了为长期卧床者解决就座问题的每种常用方法，并介绍了用于制造个性化座椅的不同生产工艺。
