Actinomycosis: masquerader in the head and neck.

The diagnosis of cervicofacial actinomycosis is usually not simple, but may be essential for adequate treatment. Cases seen in a Head and Neck Service illustrate some of the many guises under which actinomycosis may be concealed, and a review of recent literature confirms its propensity to be a masquerader. A combination of techniques is necessary to diagnose, and both surgical and medical approaches are needed to treat this often distressingly persistent affliction.