Shteĭnberg G B, Zel'tser I Z, Anufrieva R G, Balabanova E L, Baru R V
Antibiotiki. 1978 Apr;23(4):317-21.
The character and level of benzylpenicillin toxic effect was studied in accordance with the methodic instruction for performance of the experiments on toxicological estimation and hygienic norms of antibiotics in the air of working areas in production premises. It was shown that the antibiotic was of low toxicity under conditions of a single exposure, did not cumulate and had no local irritating and resorbing effect. It was shown to be an allergen. Prolonged inhalation of benzylpenicillin in a concentration of 14 mg/m3 resulted in reversible changes in the function of the kidneys and liver of the animals, their sensitization and development of pronounced dysbacteriosis of the mouth and intestine mucosa. In a concentration of 1 mg/m3 benzylpenicillin had no general toxic and sensitizing effect but induced reversible changes in the normal autoflora. This allowed the authors to consider the above concentration to be maximum with respect to the antibacterial effect. On the basis of the experiments the maximum permissible norm (MPN) of the aerosol of benzylpenicillin disintegration was recommended at the level of 0.1 mg/m3.
根据生产场所工作区域空气中抗生素毒理学评估和卫生规范实验的方法说明，研究了苄青霉素的毒性作用特征和程度。结果表明，在单次接触条件下，该抗生素毒性较低，不会蓄积，也没有局部刺激和吸收作用。它被证明是一种过敏原。动物长期吸入浓度为14毫克/立方米的苄青霉素会导致其肾脏和肝脏功能出现可逆性变化、致敏，并使口腔和肠道黏膜出现明显的菌群失调。浓度为1毫克/立方米的苄青霉素没有全身毒性和致敏作用，但会引起正常自生菌丛的可逆性变化。这使得作者认为上述浓度是具有抗菌作用的最大浓度。基于这些实验，建议苄青霉素雾化分解物的最大允许标准（MPN）为0.1毫克/立方米。
