Couto da Silva J M, Tubino P J, Vieira Z E, Saraiva R A
Anesth Analg. 1984 Aug;63(8):765-9.
A closed-system low-flow technique with enflurane, halothane, or isoflurane as the sole anesthetic was used in three groups of ten children each. Anesthesia was induced by injection into the expiratory limb of a priming standard dose of the liquid anesthetic, followed by additional doses at 15, 30, 60, and 90 sec, and 2, 3, and 4 min. Further injections following the "square root of time" sequence were used for maintenance. Volumes of anesthetics used averaged 3.7 +/- 1.1 ml for enflurane, 2.3 +/- 1.1 ml for halothane, and 3.0 +/- 0.9 ml for isoflurane. These volumes were higher than predicted on theoretical grounds, as was the frequency with which anesthetics had to be injected. Closed-system low-flow anesthesia is a practical, economical, and nonpolluting technique in pediatric patients. Complications associated with isoflurane suggest, however, that isoflurane is not as satisfactory as enflurane or halothane when using this technique in infants and children.
三组儿童，每组十名，采用封闭系统低流量技术，分别以恩氟烷、氟烷或异氟烷作为唯一麻醉剂。通过向呼气支路注射标准初始剂量的液体麻醉剂诱导麻醉，随后在15秒、30秒、60秒、90秒以及2分钟、3分钟和4分钟时追加剂量。按照“时间平方根”序列进行后续注射以维持麻醉。恩氟烷的麻醉剂平均用量为3.7±1.1毫升，氟烷为2.3±1.1毫升，异氟烷为3.0±0.9毫升。这些用量高于理论预测值，麻醉剂的注射频率也是如此。封闭系统低流量麻醉在儿科患者中是一种实用、经济且无污染的技术。然而，与异氟烷相关的并发症表明，在婴幼儿使用该技术时，异氟烷不如恩氟烷或氟烷令人满意。
