Helcl J, Pecenková I, Seycková J, Málková D, Hoffmannová V, Macátová I, Petzová K
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1984;28(2):167-76.
Family incidence of HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis was confirmed to be high. In 499 families with a type B viral hepatitis patient, type B viral hepatitis morbidity among 1116 contacts amounted to 2.24% within 6 months of the primary patients' hospitalization (being 188.2 times higher than semiannual morbidity of the population of the Czech Socialist Republic, CSR) and the prevalence of HBsAg amounted to 8.96% (being 22.4 times higher than among the population of CSR). On deducting positive findings at first blood samplings, which at least partially eliminated individuals who could themselves have been the source of infection for the first patient in each family, the rate for contact cases equalled 0.70% (58.8 times higher morbidity than among the population) and the rate for HBsAg prevalence equalled 2.50% (6.25 times higher than among the population). Among 917 members of 335 families where a case of HBsAg-negative viral hepatitis occured, 0.32% developed HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis within 6 months (26.8 times higher morbidity than population morbidity) and the HBsAg prevalence was 2.94% (7.35 greater than among the population). On deducting the first positive findings no clinical illness remained and HBsAg prevalence equalle 0.98% (2.45 times higher than among the population). The highest HBsAg prevalence was found among contacts aged 0-5 years (17.09% for the whole period, 3.41% after deducting first positive findings) and 40 years and over (10.82% and 3.39%, respectively). Type B viral hepatitis morbidity was again highest in the age groups of 0-5 years (5.12%) and 40 years and over (2.54%) for the whole period. On deducting first positive findings, the 40+ years group displayed the highest morbidity (1.27%), whereas the 0-5 years group displayed zero morbidity. Disclosure of the mechanisms of nonparenteral or inapparently parenteral transmission specific for family environments would be important for the prospect of introducing adequate measures to limit or prevent the spread of type B viral hepatitis.
乙肝表面抗原阳性病毒性肝炎的家族发病率经证实很高。在499个有B型病毒性肝炎患者的家庭中，1116名接触者在原发病例住院后的6个月内B型病毒性肝炎发病率达2.24%（比捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国（CSR）人口的半年发病率高188.2倍），乙肝表面抗原流行率达8.96%（比CSR人口高22.4倍）。扣除首次采血时的阳性结果，这至少部分排除了那些自身可能是每个家庭中首例患者感染源的个体，接触病例的发病率为0.70%（比人口发病率高58.8倍），乙肝表面抗原流行率为2.50%（比人口高6.25倍）。在335个出现乙肝表面抗原阴性病毒性肝炎病例的家庭的917名成员中，0.32%在6个月内患上了乙肝表面抗原阳性病毒性肝炎（比人口发病率高26.8倍），乙肝表面抗原流行率为2.94%（比人口高7.35倍）。扣除首次阳性结果后，无临床疾病发生，乙肝表面抗原流行率为0.98%（比人口高2.45倍）。乙肝表面抗原流行率最高的是0至5岁的接触者（整个时期为17.09%，扣除首次阳性结果后为3.41%）以及40岁及以上的接触者（分别为10.82%和3.39%）。整个时期内，B型病毒性肝炎发病率再次以0至5岁年龄组（5.12%）和40岁及以上年龄组（2.54%）为最高。扣除首次阳性结果后，40岁及以上年龄组发病率最高（1.27%），而0至5岁年龄组发病率为零。揭示家庭环境中特有的非肠道或隐性肠道传播机制，对于采取适当措施限制或预防B型病毒性肝炎传播的前景至关重要。
