Booz J
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1984;23(3):155-70. doi: 10.1007/BF01213218.
In this paper, the employment of microdosimetric dose-equivalent meters in radiation protection is described considering the advantages of introducing microdosimetric methods into radiation protection, the technical suitability of such instruments for measuring dose equivalent, and finally technical requirements, constraints and solutions together with some examples of instruments and experimental results. The advantage of microdosimetric methods in radiation protection is illustrated with the evaluation of dose-mean quality factors in radiation fields of unknown composition and with the methods of evaluating neutron- and gamma-dose fractions. --It is shown that there is good correlation between dose-mean lineal energy, yD, and the ICRP quality factor. --Neutron- and gamma-dose fractions of unknown radiation fields can be evaluated with microdosimetric proportional counters without recurrence to other instruments and methods. The problems of separation are discussed. The technical suitability of microdosimetric instruments for measuring dose equivalent is discussed considering the energy response to neutrons and photons and the sensitivity in terms of dose-equivalent rate. Then, considering technical requirements, constraints, and solutions, the problems of the large dynamic range in LET, the large dynamic range in pulse rate, geometry of sensitive volume and electrodes, evaluation of dose-mean quality factors, calibration methods, and uncertainties are discussed.
本文描述了微剂量学剂量当量仪在辐射防护中的应用，内容包括将微剂量学方法引入辐射防护的优势、此类仪器测量剂量当量的技术适用性，最后是技术要求、限制因素及解决方法，同时列举了一些仪器实例和实验结果。通过对未知成分辐射场中剂量平均品质因数的评估以及中子和γ剂量份额的评估方法，阐述了微剂量学方法在辐射防护中的优势。结果表明，剂量平均线性能量yD与国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）品质因数之间存在良好的相关性。利用微剂量学正比计数器无需借助其他仪器和方法即可评估未知辐射场的中子和γ剂量份额。文中讨论了分离问题。从对中子和光子的能量响应以及剂量当量率灵敏度方面，探讨了微剂量学仪器测量剂量当量的技术适用性。然后，考虑技术要求、限制因素及解决方法，讨论了传能线密度（LET）的大动态范围、脉冲率的大动态范围、灵敏体积和电极的几何形状、剂量平均品质因数的评估、校准方法以及不确定度等问题。
